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br Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a
2025-01-22

Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main threat to mankind, with one third of the world population being infected. [9] Over nine million new cases of tuberculosis and two million deaths from this disease occur yearly worldwide. [10] The rising incidence of tuberculosis over the l
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The indirect effect of corporate taxation as given by
2025-01-22

The indirect effect of corporate taxation, as given by the second term in Eq. (18), consists of two elements; (i) a standard Iohexol receptor effect (τ/n2), and (ii) a capital cost effect (rG(1−αt)/(1−t)). With a CRS technology, the cost effect vanishes, whereas with an IRS (a DRS) technology the co
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The most potent compounds within the current series
2025-01-22

The most potent compounds within the current series of compounds were therefore , , , , and , with plk inhibitor possessing the best selectivity towards the lyase reaction in comparison to the hydroxylase reaction, indeed, this compound was found to possess an IC value of 1210nM against the 17α-O
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Recombinant IGF-1 Protein The overall mechanism of the Cdc c
2025-01-22

The overall mechanism of the Cdc48 complex resembles that of the 19S regulatory subunit of the proteasome, which also uses receptor proteins to bind polyubiquitin chains attached to a substrate and employs a translocation mechanism (for review, see Kish-Trier and Hill, 2013). As with Cdc48, full sub
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer is a deadly diseas
2025-01-22

Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is a deadly disease of uncontrolled cell division and has the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body and affects normal functioning of the vital organs. Nowadays cancer is considered as leading cause of human death in all over the world and
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Although the gene that encodes DHFR has been
2025-01-22

Although the gene that encodes DHFR has been strongly conserved during evolution, subtle differences in the active sites of bacterial, human and parasite PU-H71 have been exploited to develop DHFR inhibitors specific to particular pathogens 1, 3. For example, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil bind stro
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Thiol are reduced by two major redox systems glutathione
2025-01-22

Thiol are reduced by two major redox systems, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX), which have been extensively studied in plants [13], [14], [15]. Glutathione, a thiol-containing tripeptide, exists in a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized form (GSSG). It has a major role as a redox buffer.
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AMPK is a cellular energy sensor
2025-01-21

AMPK is a cellular energy sensor that is phosphorylated in response to high intracellular ADP levels to increase GLUT4 translocation into the cell, and subsequently, increase intracellular glucose levels to provide substrate to replenish ATP levels [25]. In metabolic syndrome, sequestration of plasm
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The association of male gender
2025-01-21

The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosis has stimulated interest in the role of androgen signalling in this condition. Androgens act (Fig. 2) by direct activation of androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor that acts as a ligand-regulated transcription factor (Gao et al., 2005
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The lactam emerged as lead candidate due to its
2025-01-21

The lactam (6) emerged as lead candidate due to its high selectivity, outstanding potency (against ALK or in clinically known ALK mutants), low in vitro clearance, and low efflux potential. The lactam (6) was selected for further profiling against the resistant ALK mutants. Preclinical rat pharmacok
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br AKT signaling is essential
2025-01-21

AKT signaling is essential during early dorsal patterning, neural crest induction and maturation AKT signaling modulates EMT and migration of the neural crest cells The defining feature of NC cells is their delamination from the dorsal neural epithelium. At the end of neurulation, mature premi
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A clear link between ADR stimulation and decreased
2025-01-21

A clear link between α2-ADR stimulation and decreased respiration in β-cells is established and consistent with proteomics data. Current discoveries in islets have identified physical interactions between ADR-coupled G proteins and cellular components such as insulin vesicles and ion channels (Zhao
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AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase composed
2025-01-21

AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear
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br Concluding Remarks The effects of
2025-01-21

Concluding Remarks The effects of point mutations of the four ARs on ligand binding affinities, functional potencies, and efficacies constitute a valuable source of pharmacological information. We analyzed the existing data and mapped it on the collection of available AR crystal structures, allow
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For the NSCLC patients with EGFR
2025-01-21

For the NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations, EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) are effective clinical therapies [21], [22]. However, approximately 10% of patients harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations exhibit intrinsic resistance, and up to 40% do not attain a major response to treatment
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